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HVAC controls and thermostats typically operate on a low-voltage system, with 24 volts being the standard. This low voltage is suitable for safe operation and minimizes the risk of electrical shock. The use of 24 volts allows for the effective regulation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems without the need for higher voltages that could pose safety hazards.

In addition, using 24 volts helps in the compatibility with various components in the HVAC system, such as relays and other control devices, which are designed to work efficiently at this level. The lower voltage also allows for longer wire runs without significant voltage drop, which enhances system reliability.

In contrast, higher voltages like 120 V or 240 V are typically used for larger components, such as compressors and fans, within the HVAC system itself, rather than for the control circuits. The use of 48 V is less common and not standard for residential HVAC applications. Understanding these standards is essential for those in the maintenance field, as it helps ensure safe and effective service on HVAC systems.