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The main function of a thermostat is to regulate temperature in HVAC systems. This device senses the ambient temperature of a space and compares it to the setpoint configured by the user. When the temperature deviates from this setpoint, the thermostat activates the heating or cooling system to restore the desired temperature. This process is vital for maintaining comfort in residential and commercial buildings, as well as ensuring efficient energy use.

While other options relate to aspects of indoor environmental control, they do not represent the primary role of a thermostat. For instance, an alarm system is outside the scope of temperature regulation, as is humidity control which is usually managed by separate devices or systems designed specifically for that purpose. Similarly, air filtration is an entirely different function dealt with by air purifiers or HVAC filters, which aim to improve air quality rather than regulate temperature. Thus, the thermostat's central purpose is indeed temperature regulation within HVAC systems.